Looks like an air circulation fan, it may be connected to a light, and not be working, or it might have a sensor, or a remote. You'd want to see if it is getting power, maybe the motor died.

There is a weird fan in my town house patio and I have no idea what it is for. It has no on off switch and it has a vent on the other side of the wall. Is it a mini air circulator or something. I have no idea what it is or what it does. Any ideas