2. Internal combustion engines.
3. Refrigeration and air conditioning.
4. Large-scale wind generators.
All technology wastes some energy
Since there's no such thing as "the perfect machine", every technology that uses energy wastes energy.
Cotton trade uses lot's of water. Cattle produces lot's of methane gas. Vehicles create ground level pollutions and need petrochemicals to be made and run.
Politics often suck up a lot of time and energy with detectible results.
